A review of lithium-ion battery recycling for enabling a circular
Hence, there is a sharp demand for raw materials to meet these expectations. For example, each pack of a 60 kWh lithium iron phosphate (LFP)-based battery requires 5.7 kg Li, 41 kg Fe, and 25.5 kg P [, , ]. Only the projected LFP-based EV demand, with its 60 % market share, needs 0.72 million tons (Mt) Li/year by 2050 .