Can chemical plants be equipped with energy storage systems

Hydrogen and other energy-carrying chemicals can be produced from a variety of energy sources, such as renewable energy, nuclear power, and fossil fuels. Converting energy from these sources into chemical forms creates high energy density fuels. Hydrogen can be stored as a compressed gas, in liquid form, or bonded in substances.

Depending on how it is stored, it can be kept over long periods and is not seasonally dependent like pumped hydro. Chemical storage can add power into the grid and also store excess power from the grid for later use. Alternatively, many chemicals used for energy storage, like hydrogen, can decarbonize industry and transportation.

Depending on the mode of storage, it can be kept over long periods. After conversion, chemical storage can feed power into the grid or store excess power from it for later use. Alternatively, many chemicals used for energy storage, like hydrogen, can help decarbonize industry and transportation.

Chemical energy storage scientists are working closely with PNNL's electric grid researchers, analysts, and battery researchers. For example, we have developed a hydrogen fuel cell valuation tool that provides techno-economic analysis to inform industry and grid operators on how hydrogen generation and storage can benefit their local grid.

But, energy is also stored in other chemical forms, including biomass like wood, gases such as hydrogen and methane, and batteries. These other chemical forms are key enablers for decarbonization of our electric grid, industrial operations, and the transportation sector.

These other chemical forms are key enablers for decarbonization of our electric grid, industrial operations, and the transportation sector. Hydrogen and other energy-carrying chemicals can be produced from diverse, domestic energy sources, such as renewable energy, nuclear power, and fossil fuels.