The development of light-weight batteries has a great potential value for mobile applications, including electric vehicles and electric aircraft. Along with increasing energy density, another strategy for reducing battery w. Electrification of transportation is one of the key technologies to reduce CO2 emissions. Structural energy storage devices function as both a structural component and an energy storage device simultaneously. Therefore, a system (e.g. a vehicle) with such multifunctio. Mechanical properties of batteries are often 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than load-bearing structural components for aircraft or ground transportation. Hence, to develop structura. As summarized above, significant progress has been made in the field of structural batteries in past years, but there is still a lot to be further improved. To implement structural batterie. Structural energy storage devices have been demonstrated experimentally and numerically to improve the mass efficiency of systems such as electric vehicles and aircraft and exten.